Data on AI models | Epoch AI
https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models
Epoch AI model database — independent longitudinal data on model releases and compute, useful for corroborating vendor claims about lineage and scale
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1−Data on AI Models | Epoch AI
1+Data on AI models | Epoch AI
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3−Updated Sep. 23, 2026
3+Updated Sep. 26, 2026
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5−AI Models
5+AI models
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77 Our comprehensive database of over 3600 models tracks key factors driving machine learning progress.
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99 Download this data
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8989
9090 Read the complete documentation
9191
9292 Downloads
93−Notable AI Models
93+Notable AI models
9494 CSV , Updated Sep. 23, 2026
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96−Large-Scale AI Models
96+Large-scale AI models
9797 CSV , Updated Sep. 23, 2026
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99−Frontier Models
99+Frontier models
100100 CSV , Updated Sep. 23, 2026
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102−All Models
103−CSV , Updated Sep. 23, 2026
102+All models
103+CSV , Updated Sep. 26, 2026
104104
105105 Citations
106106 Epoch AI’s data is free to use, distribute, and reproduce provided the source and authors are credited under the Creative Commons Attribution license .
107107
108108 Citation
109−Epoch AI, 'Data on AI Models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models' [online resource]. Accessed 25 Sep 2026.
109+Epoch AI, 'Data on AI models'. Published online at epoch.ai. Retrieved from 'https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models' [online resource]. Accessed 26 Sep 2026.
110110
111111 BibTeX Citation
112112 @misc{EpochAIModels2025,
113−title = {{Data on AI Models}},
113+title = {{Data on AI models}},
114114 author = {{Epoch AI}},
115115 year = {2026},
116116 month = {9},
117117 url = {https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models},
118−note = {Accessed: 25 Sep 2026}
118+note = {Accessed: 26 Sep 2026}
119119 }
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121121 Python Import
122122 import pandas as pd
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127127 What is a notable model?
128128
129129 A notable model meets any of the following criteria: (i) state-of-the-art improvement on a recognized benchmark; (ii) highly cited (over 1000 citations); (iii) historical relevance; (iv) significant use.
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131−How was the AI Models dataset created?
131+How was the AI models dataset created?
132132
133133 The dataset was originally created for the report “Compute Trends Across Three Eras of Machine Learning” and has continually grown and expanded since then.
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135135 What are notable, frontier, and large-scale models?
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137−We flag models as notable if they advanced the state of the art, achieved many citations in an academic publication, had over a million monthly users, were highly significant historically, or were developed at a cost of over one million dollars. You can learn more about these notability criteria by reading our AI Models Documentation .
137+We flag models as notable if they advanced the state of the art, achieved many citations in an academic publication, had over a million monthly users, were highly significant historically, or were developed at a cost of over one million dollars. You can learn more about these notability criteria by reading our AI models documentation .
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139139 Frontier models are models that were in the top 5 by training compute at the time of their release, a threshold that grows over time as larger models are developed.
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141141 Large-scale models are models that were trained with over 10^23 FLOP of compute, which is a static threshold that is used in some AI regulatory frameworks.
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192192 Feedback
193193
194194 Have a question? Noticed something wrong? Let us know.
195195
196−AI Models
196+AI models
197197 Our public database, the largest of its kind, tracks over 3600 machine learning models from 1950 to today. Explore data and graphs showing the trajectory of AI.